Neem plant

The Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is a fast-growing evergreen. While generally evergreen, it may shed its leaves during periods of extreme drought or stress.

It is hardy to approximately 0°C , although it can tolerate brief dips below freezing once establish. This tree is remarkably adaptable, thriving in hot, dry conditions. It can withstand temperatures well above 38°C  and intense heat, but will not survive prolonged or severe frosts. It prefers mildly tropical/humid or sub-arid climates, but can tolerate a wide range of conditions. While it adapts to most soil types, it flourishes in sandy soils.

This tree has a long history of use in traditional medicine, earning it the nickname "village pharmacy." Various parts of the tree are used to produce neem oil, which is incorporated into soaps and cosmetics. Historically, twigs were used as toothbrushes. The Neem tree is also planted in arid regions to provide shade and improve soil quality. The tender shoots and flowers are edible and used in some local cuisines. It has also been used to treat scabies. In recent years, neem oil has gained popularity as an effective and non-toxic pesticide, and many commercial anti-pest sprays now contain it as an active ingredient.